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Path-breaking discoveries of biology

Biology wonderfully undertakes the natural aspects of life, and stunningly collaborates itself with a human’s infinite curiosity. Over the centuries biology has given us reasons and resolutions to tackle the threatening biological adversities, and it wonderfully continues to do so. It is impossible to judge which is the greatest contribution in the biology domain, but here are some of the most ultimate biological inventions and discoveries of all time.

Career paths with a biology degree

If you happen to fancy the multi-layered dynamics of the flora and fauna, then opting for a biology degree is the most feasible choice for you. The subject of biology is equally interesting and complex. If you’re wondering what kind of professional options one has with a biology degree, here are some career routes that you can possibly take.

Why biology is an important branch of science

Biology is one of the most significant branches of study as it works around the essence of life. For instance, if biology as a subject would be non-existent, it would have been impossible to decode the mechanisms of living beings. It has literally enlightened us about the eclectic working of life.

4 popular courses that teach you about human anatomy

The study of tissue structures and organs in organisms including animals and humans is called anatomy. Although ancient civilizations studied human anatomy, the practice of human anatomy illustrations started quite late in the domain of medical science. It was mostly because cultural norms and religious beliefs prevented people from exploring and illustrating the human anatomy in depth.

All You Need To Know About Bleeding Gums

All you need to know about bleeding gums We often do not pay much thought to bleeding gums and shrug it off because they invariably happen when we brush or floss our teeth. We consider it as normal but it should not be ignored. Gum bleeding is a fairly common problem. It is best to see your dentist, who will diagnose the problem and advice gum disease treatment options. But, a mild form of bleeding can be treated at home with easy remedies for gum diseases. Gum disease is a common cause of bleeding gums. Many adults experience a gum disease once atleast. Here is some information about bleeding gums, its causes, and more. What should you know about bleeding gums? Bleeding gums are an early sign that something is not right in the mouth. Healthy gums generally don’t bleed easily. Bleeding in itself could be because of various reasons. But, it is more indicative as a symptom of a gum disease. If left untreated, it may lead to severe gum disease. What can I do to prevent bleeding gums? Identify the reason for the gum bleeding. Practice good oral hygiene as the accumulation of plaque along the gum line can cause gums to bleed. Try using a softer toothbrush and not brushing very hard. If the bleeding is very mild, it can be self-treated. Gently brush your teeth twice a day and make sure to clean all the surfaces inside the mouth, including the tongue. Reduce the intake of sugary foods or drinks that help bacterial growth. Rinse and gargle your mouth immediately after you finish eating. Flossing every day by gently rubbing the area around and in between each tooth is essential to good oral hygiene. Do not smoke or chew tobacco. For early diagnosis of any gum disease, regular dental check-ups will be helpful. When do I need to consult a dentist? If gum bleeding becomes a regular occurrence every time you brush. When you observe that gum bleeding is persistently occurring and not stopping. How are bleeding gums treated by the dentist? The dentist will conduct a dental examination to understand the cause of bleeding of the gums. As a preliminary measure, and as a gum disease treatment, the dentist will remove plaque bacteria, which cause gum disease if left untreated. The dentist might advise other gum disease treatment options such as scaling and root planing. In some cases of severe gum infection, surgery may be recommended. What are some at home remedies for treating bleeding gums? Replace your old, hardened toothbrush with a new softer one. Brush softly and floss regularly. Add a mouthwash to your oral care routine. Rinse your mouth with salt water at least twice daily. Eat foods rich in vitamin C, such as oranges, sweet potatoes, and red peppers, and vitamin K, such as kale, spinach, and collard greens, can help in promoting immune health. Deficiency of vitamin C can lead to gum bleeding despite practicing good oral hygiene. Hydrogen peroxide is a disinfectant which promotes gum health, helps remove plaque, and stops the bleeding of the gums. You can rinse your mouth with a solution but be careful not to swallow it. Chew on some raw vegetables, such as carrots, radishes, and cucumbers to improve circulation of blood and strengthens the gums. Apply a cold compress to the gum line as it will reduce the swelling and restrict the flow of blood causing the bleeding to stop. As per research, drinking green tea is known to reverse gum disease and stop frequent gum bleeds. Ensure you do not skip on your routine dental check-ups.

Understanding The Stages A Congestive Heart Failure

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a serious progressive condition affecting the pumping power of the muscles in the heart. It is generally called heart failure, but CHF specifically means the stage when fluid builds up all around the human heart resulting in inefficient pumping. There are a total of four heart chambers. There are two atria in the upper part of the heart and two ventricles in the lower part. The task of pumping blood to the tissues and organs of the body is carried out by the ventricles while the atria receive blood from the body and circulate it back to the rest of the body. CHD occurs when the ventricles are unable to pump a sufficient volume of blood to the body. This might result in the buildup of fluids and blood inside the liver, lungs, lower body, and the abdomen. Immediate CHF treatment is important because leaving this condition untreated can be life-threatening. Below is some information about the symptoms of a CHF, its stages, and more. What are the symptoms of CHF? It is essential to seek medical attention if one experiences any of the symptoms associated with CHF. Some common signs and symptoms of CHF to look out for are: Shortness of breath when being physically active or upon lying down or even resting. A persistent cough, excessive phlegm formation, and rapid shallow breathing. Fast heart rate, arrhythmia, missing heartbeats, and heaviness of the heart. Memory loss, confusion, and brain fog. Swelling in the legs and, especially, in the ankles, around the lungs, the chest area, around the spleen or the liver, and in the abdomen. Muscle pain, fatigue, overall tiredness, feeling restless, loss of appetite, and weight gain. Excessive urination at night. What are the different stages of CHF? CHF is a condition that does not take place in just one day. It takes several months and, in some cases, even years for it to come to the forefront. Generally, the doctors make use of a four-stage categorization for helping patients with the treatments for CHF. Each stage involves a specific mechanism taking place within the body. They are explained below: Stage 1 – Normal physical activities like climbing the stairs or walking do not result in breathing shortness or palpitations. Nevertheless, moderate exercises like jogging and brisk walking make the patient feel tired and breathless. Stage 2 – The patient might feel a little uncomfortable while taking rest. He/she might feel breathless and tired or the heart might start racing as soon as the patient goes for a walk and climb up or climbs down from the stairs. Stage 3 – While taking rest, the patient may feel fine but doing even a simple physical activity might make him/her tired. The patient might feel palpitations or may pant even if he/she gets up from the sofa or walks over to the kitchen. Stage 4 – The patient may feel his/her heart beating fast and hard while taking rest. He/she might feel tired when sitting or feel palpitations and anxiety at all the times. What are the treatment procedures for CHF? The main objective of treatment for CHF is making the heart beat more efficiently so that it is able to meet the energy requirements of the body. Treatment procedures include: Fluid restriction or trying to decrease fluid within the body in order to make it possible for the heart to work harder toward circulating blood through the vessels within the body. Decreasing the intake of salt. Water pills or diuretic medicines might be prescribed. Most common diuretics used for the treatment of CHF include bumetanide, hydrochlorothiazide, and furosemide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors along with angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are medications that can be used for increasing the chances of a patient’s survival. These medicines work by decreasing systematic resistance while altering the hormonal milieu affecting cardiac performance. Patients of end-stage CHF might need aggressive treatments like the left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) that help in cardiac circulation.

Deep Vein Thrombosis – Diagnosis And Treatment

Deep Vein Thrombosis – Diagnosis and treatment Deep Vein Thrombosis is a condition where a blood clot occurs in one of the deeper veins in the body; usually in the legs. Deep vein thrombosis leads to symptoms such as swelling, cramps, and leg pain. In a few rare cases, there are no symptoms of deep vein thrombosis. This ailment develops if you have a medical condition that affects the way your blood clots. If you do not move for a long time after an accident or surgery, you may experience deep vein thrombosis. It can have serious consequences as the blood clots can break and cause blockage in your lungs as well. What is deep vein thrombosis? Deep vein thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot in the vein located in the deeper parts of the body. The clot is a blood clump that is in a solid state. It is most commonly found in the regions of the lower leg and thigh. A clot can also form in other parts of the body. Deep vein thrombosis is also called post-thrombotic syndrome, thromboembolism, and postphlebitic syndrome. Who can have deep vein thrombosis? Anyone over the age of 50 is at a high risk of deep vein thrombosis. There are certain conditions that affect how the blood flows through the veins and increase the risk of clots. Here are a few conditions that can lead to a clot. A family history of DVT A catheter placed in a vein An injury such as a bone fracture causing any damage to the vein Obesity which increases the pressure on the veins in the legs Smoking Hormone therapy Birth control pills Being seated for long durations of time There are also certain diseases that can increase the risk of DVT. These include conditions such as IBD and cancer. An individual undergoing surgery will have the risk of DVT. Pregnancy causes an increase in the hormone and sugar levels which again increase the risk of DVT. What are the symptoms of deep vein thrombosis? There are a few symptoms that occur in patients that suffer from this condition. However, in some cases, there may not be any clear symptoms and you have to monitor your health carefully. Swelling in the ankle, leg, and foot on one side alone Severe pain in the ankle and foot Painful cramps in the leg that is affected One part in the skin feels warmer when compared to the surrounding areas Discoloration of the skin over the affected area. The condition is often recognized only after an emergency pulmonary embolism treatment is done. It is a life-threatening condition which is a complication caused by DVT. When Should You See A Doctor? Deep Vein Thrombosis is a serious condition that needs immediate medical attention and care. If you think you are experiencing any of the symptoms, you need to seek help and find out if you’re qualified for treatment. You can visit the nearest emergency room and let them guide you. After a thorough check of your symptoms and health history, a deep vein thrombosis diagnosis is done where the doctor suggests the best mode of treatment. What treatments can be explored for deep vein thrombosis? The focus of the treatment is to ensure the clot does not grow. The treatment will also ensure that there is no pulmonary embolism. Medicines There is deep vein thrombosis medication available which makes the blood thin and prevents clotting. These include warfarin, heparin, fondaparinux, and enoxaparin. Even the existing clots can decrease with this deep vein thrombosis treatment. Compression stockings Wearing these stockings can prevent swelling and clots. These stockings reach below the knee and should be worn every day. Filters Filters might have to be added inside a vein called vena cava if blood thinners don’t help. This is a deep vein thrombosis treatment which prevents the clots from entering the lungs. Leaving the filters over a long time can cause DVT. It is a short-term treatment that can be used to reduce the clotting. What are the complications of deep vein thrombosis? The major complication of this condition is a pulmonary embolism. This may occur if the clot moves to the lungs causing serious damage to the body. You need critical help if you have any of the following signs. Sweating Dizziness Rapid breathing Pain in the chest Increase in heart rate Coughing blood

The Causes And Symptoms Of Carcinoid Neuroendocrine Tumors

The causes and symptoms of carcinoid neuroendocrine tumors The neuroendocrine system can be described as a network of glands producing hormones that are carried into the bloodstream. There are different roles that these hormones play in the human body. The carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor is a very rare tumor that shows up in the cells of the neuroendocrine system. Around 80% of these tumors grow in the small bowel and the appendix. However, they can even grow in the lungs, pancreas, ovaries, stomach, testicles, and kidneys. These tumors develop at varied rates, and they are usually slow at developing. They might develop over several months and even years. Nevertheless, there are some tumors that tend to be highly aggressive. They can spread very quickly to other parts of the human body and can even result in serious issues. What are the causes of carcinoid neuroendocrine tumors? Experts are still not aware of the main causes of neuroendocrine tumors. However, there are certain conditions that might make you a victim of these tumors. These are called risk factors, and they are situations and diseases that you cannot control. Some of the most common causes of neuroendocrine tumors are as listed: Some diseases that are caused due to family history or genes passed to an individual through their family can increase their chances of having a carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor. Individuals with multiple endocrine neoplasia disease can be the victims of carcinoid tumors. This is a disease where tumors form in the cells, making hormones or chemicals that have a major effect on the actions of the body, such as sex drive, mood, and hair growth. Your age can have an effect on your chances of suffering from carcinoid tumors. There are certain NETs that have an effect on people of specific ages. The gender of an individual also has an effect on the risk for certain NETs. However, women have an increased chance of suffering from these tumors. The race of a person also has an effect on their chances of suffering from carcinoid tumors. The immune system in the body is its defense against all kinds of germs. Diseases or conditions that affect the immune system, such as organ transplant and HIV/AIDS, can increase the chances of neuroendocrine tumors in individuals. Excessive sun exposure can also result in neuroendocrine tumors. This is because the sun gives off ultraviolet rays that damage the skin DNA. This can result in the growth of cells in an uncontrolled manner, resulting in cancer. Studies have proved that smoking can also increase the chances of neuroendocrine tumors in people. What are the symptoms of carcinoid neuroendocrine tumors? Neuroendocrine tumors are generally diagnosed in people between the ages of 50 and 60. People with these tumors might experience certain symptoms, or they might not have any signs or changes in their body. The symptoms of neuroendocrine tumors include the following: Anxiety attacks High blood pressure Headaches A fever Rapid pulse Clammy skin Sweating Vomiting Nausea Heart palpitations Weight loss Flushing Severe diarrhea Wheezing Increased heart rate Appetite loss Sudden changes in blood pressure Always keep in mind that neuroendocrine tumors are rare and therefore the above-mentioned symptoms might be the result of other medical conditions. Nevertheless, it is important to consult a doctor if these symptoms persist for more than two weeks. What is the prognosis for carcinoid neuroendocrine tumors? If you go through carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor prognosis, you will be able to find that these tumors are either malignant or benign. The benign tumors tend to be small and can easily be removed completely, not to come back again. There are no symptoms produced if you are suffering from benign carcinoid tumors. The cells from these tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. The malignant or cancerous carcinoid tumors are large and can damage organs and tissues close to them. The cells of these tumors can easily break and enter the lymphatic system and the bloodstream to form new tumors. How can carcinoid neuroendocrine tumors be prevented? There is no way of preventing these tumors at present. However, quitting or not starting to smoke might reduce the risk of these tumors. It is important to maintain a healthy and balanced diet and a good lifestyle in order to prevent such tumors.

An Overview Of Cla Safflower Oil

An overview of CLA safflower oil CLA stands for conjugated linoleic acid. It is high in good fats, i.e., monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats. According to the National Institutes of Health, typically, CLA is found in foods like beef and dairy. However, it can also be found in small quantities in vegetable oils. Safflower oil is a oil produced from the seeds of a safflower plant; thus, it is a vegetable oil. Safflower plant is about 30 to 150 cm in height and each branch of the plant has about one to five flower heads with 15-20 seeds per head from which the oil is extracted. The plant is found in Kazakhstan as well as India, the USA, Mexico, and Argentina. Below is some information about CLA safflower oil. What are the advantages of using CLA safflower oil? The CLA safflower oil is a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, namely, polyunsaturated fats and monounsaturated fats. These fats, commonly known as good fats, are required by the body to function well. The CLA safflower oil helps in improving memory and aids hormone regulation. This oil allows the body to absorb fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin K, E, D, and A. CLA safflower oil reduces inflammation in the body and also improves general health. It is a good way to regulate blood sugar levels in the body. Regular intake of CLA safflower oil improves blood cholesterol levels, thereby, reducing the chances of any kind of heart diseases. It contains vitamin E, which is great for skin issues like dry skin or even inflamed skin. However, you must perform a patch test before applying the oil all over the skin. How do you use CLA safflower oil in diet? The moderate use of safflower oil in your food will improve your metabolic rate, thereby, reducing your weight. The proportion of safflower oil intake would be dependent on weight-loss calorie requirement. For instance, a woman who needs to have 1200 calories daily would need 4 teaspoons of the CLA safflower oil. Men who are on a diet and need to consume 1600 calories would need 5 teaspoons of it. What are the side effects of CLA safflower oil? Most often people do not face any side effects from this oil if it is consumed or applied in recommended proportions. CLA safflower oil thins the blood so it could slow down clotting and could increase the chances of bleeding for those who have bleeding disorders or are undergoing some sort of surgery. People allergic to ragweed or pollen should not consume this oil as it could lead to an allergic reaction. Pregnant women should avoid it. Which are the best safflower oils of the year? As per CLA safflower oil reviews, the following brands have made the list of favorites among consumers this year: Renewalize Organic Safflower Oil – This is a USDA-certified brand and it is high in oleic acid. Renewalize Organic Safflower Oil is extracted using the cold pressed method that allows it to have a high amount of oleic acid, which is great for hair growth. Hollywood Safflower Oil – This is a great oil for cooking. It is the best when it comes to light heat cooking. The Hollywood Safflower Oil is available in a pack of one, three, or twelve, and it works well for pasta and as a drizzle over appetizers. It is good for cake mixes as well. Eden Unrefined – This brand of CLA safflower oil is organic and kosher, and it only has safflower oil. It works well for acne-prone skin and for cooking too. Dr. Adorable One Gallon – If you want to use CLA safflower oil especially for body massages, then this brand works beautifully as it blends well. You can take a generous quantity and apply it all over the body. It has no noticeable smell. However, this oil should be only used for external purposes. Spectrum Naturals High Heat – This brand produces the perfect CLA safflower oil for cooking. It has a smooth flavor that is ideal for cooking. The Spectrum Naturals High Heat does not have any artificial coloring, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and other common allergens. It is much lighter than other oils, such as olive oil.

Top 10 Health Benefits Of Safflower Oil

Top 10 health benefits of safflower oil Safflower oil is an oil that is extracted from the seeds of the safflower. CLA stands for conjugated linoleic acid. CLA is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The CLA safflower oil has a number of health benefits; hence, it is being used as medicine by many people. CLA safflower oil can be used for treating a number of health issues and it is also used as a cooking oil. Continue reading if you wish to know more about the amazing health benefits of safflower oil, its side effects, and more. What are the health benefits of safflower oil? It is believed that safflower oil helps in boosting the immune system. This oil has properties that can protect the body from any kind of infections and it is considered to boost immune health. The CLA safflower oil is good for your heart’s health. When you are having heart-related health issues, your doctor will usually suggest you maintain a balanced diet, and it is important to keep it natural. Safflower oil is a natural oil that has omega-6 fatty acids, which are good for a healthy heart. The cholesterol levels of the body are also maintained using this oil. CLA safflower oil helps in losing weight. Shedding those extra pounds is not a simple task and you need to do a lot more along with exercise. Safflower oil is very good for healthy and shiny hair. If you are having dull, damaged, and dry hair, then this oil can be very helpful. Just massage a few drops of this oil into your scalp and it would increase the blood circulation in your scalp resulting in strong hair. When you have strong hair, why not have flawless skin? Yes, there are a number of products available in the market for flawless skin, but how many of them guarantee long-lasting results? Safflower oil can do that for you. You can check the CLA safflower oil reviews for skin and you will find the best reviews about this oil. It is good for joint pains as well. Massaging is one of the best ways to get rid of joint pains and massaging with safflower oil is a good option for better results. Diabetes is a health condition that needs to be treated with the right medicine. According to many studies, the omega-6 fatty acids are considered as the best option for controlling sugar levels in the body. It is also good for treating a migraine headache. Any health problems related to respiration can be treated using this oil. Menstrual pain and cramps in women can be treated with the help of this oil. Are there any side effects of safflower oil? There are no side effects of using safflower oil when used in moderation. This oil is strong and can cause irritation, so do not use it directly. You need to dilute with any carrier oil before you actually use it. What is the dosage of safflower oil that is good for your health? The dosage of CLA safflower oil usually depends on what kind of health issue you are treating. If you are using it to help reduce weight, then you can use it as cooking oil for at least six weeks. For this, you should consume at least one and a half teaspoons of this oil on a daily basis. How should safflower oil be stored for better results? Safflower has to be stored always in a dark place in an airtight container. Safflower oil can be kept in the refrigerator. In order to reduce the chances of oxidation, you should make sure that minimal air and light reaches the containers in which the oil is stored. You need to use the oil in just one or two months after you open the packing or oil tin.

An Overview Of Colon Polyps

An overview of colon polyps Colon polyps are small clumps of cells formed on the lining of the colon. The majority of these polyps tend to be harmless, but with time, there are certain polyps that can easily grow into colon cancer. This is a serious condition, especially when found in the later stages.

The Types Of Colon Polyps And Their Prevention

The types of colon polyps and their prevention Growths that occur on the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) and usually protrude into the colon are known as colon polyps. They form when the genetic material within the cells that line the colon changes and becomes abnormal. Under normal circumstances, the immature cells that line the colon multiply, mature, and then die in a timely fashion.

Carcinoid Neuroendocrine Tumors – Prognosis And Life Expectancy

Carcinoid neuroendocrine tumors – Prognosis and life expectancy The neuroendocrine system is a complex regulatory mechanism comprised of cells spread throughout several organ systems, including our lungs and digestive system. As they have characteristics of both nerves and endocrine cells, they are called neuroendocrine cells. The nerve cells transmit signals using electrical impulses, whereas endocrine cells make thyroid and insulin-secreting glands.

What Are The First Signs Of Liver Damage

Liver damage – What are the first signs? On the right side of the abdomen, below your rib cage, is an organ called the liver. It is the size of a football and is one of the most important organs in the human body. The liver aids in the digestion of the food we eat and also helps in flushing out the toxins from our body.